Joalo ka lisebelisoa tse atileng haholo ts'ebetsong ea tleliniki, tlhahlobo ea mokuli ea li-parameter tse ngata ke mofuta oa lets'oao la baeloji bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea nako e telele, ea mefuta e mengata ea boemo ba 'mele le lefu la bakuli ho bakuli ba mahlonoko, le ka tlhahlobo ea nako ea nnete le ea othomathiki. , phetoho e nakong hore e be tlhahisoleseding e bonahalang, alamo e iketsang le ho rekota liketsahalo tse ka behang bophelo kotsing. Ntle le ho lekanya le ho beha leihlo maemo a 'mele oa bakuli, e ka boela ea hlokomela le ho sebetsana le boemo ba bakuli pele le ka mor'a meriana le ho buuoa, ho fumana ka nako e nepahetseng liphetoho tsa boemo ba bakuli ba kulang haholo, le ho fana ka motheo oa motheo oa hore lingaka ho hlahloba ka nepo le ho etsa merero ea bongaka, kahoo ho fokotsa ho shoa ha bakuli haholo.
Ka nts'etsopele ea mahlale a morao-rao, lisebelisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea bakuli ba li-parameter tse ngata li atolohile ho tloha tsamaisong ea potoloho ea mali ho ea ho mekhoa ea ho hema, ea methapo, ea metabolic le e meng.Mojule o boetse o atolosoa ho tloha mochineng o tloaelehileng oa ECG (ECG), mochine oa ho hema (RESP), module ea mali a oksijene ea saturation (SpO2), mochine oa khatello ea mali o sa tsitsang (NIBP) ho mocheso oa mocheso (TEMP), mochine oa khatello ea mali (IBP) , cardiac displacement module (CO), noninvasive continuous cardiac displacement module (ICG), le end-breath carbon dioxide module (EtCO2) ), electroencephalogram monitoring module (EEG), anesthesia gas monitoring module (AG), transcutaneous gas monitoring module, anesthesia deep monitoring module (BIS), mojule oa ho lekola boiketlo ba mesifa (NMT), mojule oa ho lekola boemo ba hemodynamics (PiCCO), mojule oa mochini oa phefumoloho.
Ka mor'a moo, e tla aroloa likarolo tse 'maloa ho hlahisa motheo oa fisioloji, molao-motheo, nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea mojule ka mong.Ha re qale ka module ea electrocardiogram (ECG).
1: Mochine oa tlhahiso ea electrocardiogram
Li-cardiomyocyte tse ajoang sebakeng sa sinus, mateano a atrioventricular, pampitšana ea atrioventricular le makala a eona a hlahisa mosebetsi oa motlakase nakong ea ho tsosoa le ho hlahisa masimo a motlakase 'meleng. Ho beha electrode ea tšepe ea tšepe sebakeng sena sa motlakase (kae kapa kae 'meleng) ho ka rekota motlakase o fokolang. Sebaka sa motlakase se fetoha kamehla ha nako ea ho sisinyeha e fetoha.
Ka lebaka la likarolo tse fapaneng tsa motlakase tsa lisele le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa 'mele, li-electrode tse hlahlobang likarolong tse fapaneng li tlaleha liphetoho tse fapaneng tse ka bang teng potolohong e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea pelo. Liphetoho tsena tse nyenyane tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng li matlafatsoa' me li tlalehoa ke electrocardiograph, 'me mohlala o hlahang o bitsoa electrocardio-gram (ECG). Electrocardiogram ea setso e tlalehiloe ho tsoa holim'a 'mele, e bitsoang surface electrocardiogram.
2: Nalane ea theknoloji ea electrocardiogram
Ka 1887, Waller, moprofesa oa physiology Sepetleleng sa Mary sa Royal Society of England, o ile a tlaleha ka katleho nyeoe ea pele ea electrocardiogram ea motho ka electrometer ea capillary, le hoja maqhubu a V1 le V2 feela a ventricle a tlalehiloe setšoantšong, le maqhubu a atrial P. ha lia ngoloa. Empa mosebetsi o moholo le o behang litholoana oa Waller o ile oa susumetsa Willem Einthoven, ea neng a le har'a bamameli, 'me a rala motheo oa ho kenyelletsa theknoloji ea electrocardiogram qetellong.
------------------------- (AugustusDisire Walle)---------------------- ------------------ (Waller o rekotile electrocardiogram ea motho ea pele)-------------------------- ------------------------- (Capillary electrometer)------------
Lilemong tse latelang tse 13, Einthoven o ile a inehela ka ho feletseng thutong ea electrocardiograms e tlalehiloeng ke li-electrometer tsa capillary. O ntlafalitse mekhoa e mengata ea bohlokoa, ka katleho ho sebelisa galvanometer ea khoele, electrocardiogram ea 'mele e tlalehiloeng filiming ea lifoto, o ile a tlaleha electrocardiogram e bontšang leqhubu la atrial P, depolarization ea ventricular B, C le repolarization D wave. Ka 1903, electrocardiograms e ile ea qala ho sebelisoa tleliniking. Ka 1906, Einthoven o ile a hatisa li-electrocardiograms tsa atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter le ventricular premature beat ka ho latellana. Ka 1924, Einthoven o ile a fuoa Khau ea Nobel ea Bongaka bakeng sa ho qaptjoa ha hae ho rekota electrocardiogram.
------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- Electrocardiogram e felletseng ea 'nete e tlalehiloe ke Einthoven------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
3: Nts'etsopele le molao-motheo oa sistimi e etellang pele
Ka 1906, Einthoven o ile a fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le lefu la ho ferekana kelellong. Ka mor'a ho hokahanya li-electrode tsa ho rekota ka letsoho le letona, letsoho le letšehali le leoto le letšehali la bakuli ka bobeli, o ne a ka rekota electrocardiogram ea bipolar leog lead (lead I, lead II le lead III) e nang le amplitude e phahameng le mohlala o tsitsitseng. Ka 1913, electrocardiogram e tloaelehileng ea bipolar lemb conduction e ile ea hlahisoa ka molao, 'me ea sebelisoa e le mong ka lilemo tse 20.
Ka 1933, Wilson o ile a qetella a qetile electrocardiogram ea unipolar lead, e ileng ea etsa qeto ea hore na sebaka sa motlakase se ka ba le zero le bohareng ho latela molao oa hona joale oa Kirchhoff, 'me sa theha tsamaiso ea 12-lead ea Wilson network.
Leha ho le joalo, ho Wilson's 12-lead system, electrocardiogram waveform amplitude ea 3 unipolar setho se lebisang VL, VR le VF e tlaase, eo ho seng bonolo ho e lekanya le ho hlokomela liphetoho. Ka 1942, Goldberger o ile a etsa liphuputso tse ling, tse ileng tsa fella ka hore maoto le matsoho a hatelle unipolar a ntseng a sebelisoa le kajeno: aVL, aVR, le aVF lead.
Mothating ona, ho ile ha hlahisoa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa 12-lead bakeng sa ho rekota ECG: 3 li-limb lead (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Einthoven, 1913), 6 unipolar breast lead (V1-V6, Wilson, 1933), le 3 compression ea unipolar. maoto le matsoho (aVL, aVR, aVF, Goldberger, 1942).
4: Mokhoa oa ho fumana lets'oao le letle la ECG
1. Ho lokisetsa letlalo. Kaha letlalo ke mokhanni ea futsanehileng, phekolo e nepahetseng ea letlalo la mokuli moo ho behiloeng li-electrode ho hlokahala ho fumana lipontšo tse ntle tsa motlakase tsa ECG. Khetha tse bataletseng tse nang le mesifa e fokolang
Letlalo le lokela ho phekoloa ho latela mekhoa e latelang: ① Tlosa moriri oa 'mele moo electrode e behiloeng teng. Hlakola letlalo ka bonolo moo eleketrode e behiloeng teng ho tlosa lisele tse shoeleng tsa letlalo. ③ Hlatsoa letlalo hantle ka metsi a sesepa (u se ke ua sebelisa ether le joala bo hloekileng, hobane sena se tla eketsa khanyetso ea letlalo). ④ Lumella letlalo ho omella ka ho feletseng pele u beha electrode. ⑤ Kenya li-clamp kapa likonopo pele u beha li-electrode ho mokuli.
2. Ela hloko tlhokomelo ea terata ea conductance cardiac, thibela matsoelintsoeke le knotting terata e etellang pele, ho thibela lera le sireletsang la terata e etellang pele ho senyeha, 'me ka nako e loketseng hloekisa litšila holim'a sekotwana sa lead kapa buckle ho thibela oxidation ea lead.
Nako ea poso: Oct-12-2023
